American Hellebore

Last Editorial Review: 6/11/2021
Other Name(s):

American Veratrum, American White Hellebore, Bugbane, Devil's Bite, Earth Gall, Eléboro Americano, Eléboro Verde, False Hellebore, Faux Hellébore, Green Hellebore, Green Veratrum, Indian Poke, Itchweed, Tabac du Diable, Tickleweed, Varaire Vert, Vératre Vert, Veratro Verde, Veratrum eschscholtzii, Veratrum viride.

Overview

American hellebore is a plant. The bulb and root are used to make medicine.

Despite serious safety concerns, American hellebore has been used for epilepsy, spasms, high blood pressure, fever, fluid retention, and nervousness.

In manufacturing, American hellebore has been used as an insecticide.

Don't confuse American hellebore with European hellebore and pheasant's eye (false hellebore).

How does it work?

American hellebore contains chemicals that can help reduce blood pressure, slow the heartbeat, and have a calming effect (act as a sedative).

QUESTION

Next to red peppers, you can get the most vitamin C from ________________. See Answer

Uses & Effectiveness

Insufficient Evidence to Rate Effectiveness for...

More evidence is needed to rate the effectiveness of American hellebore for these uses.

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database rates effectiveness based on scientific evidence according to the following scale: Effective, Likely Effective, Possibly Effective, Possibly Ineffective, Likely Ineffective, and Insufficient Evidence to Rate (detailed description of each of the ratings).

Side Effects

American hellebore is LIKELY UNSAFE when taken by mouth or applied to the skin. There are many possible side effects including irritation of the mouth and throat lining and slowing of the heartbeat.

Large doses can cause vomiting, diarrhea, trouble swallowing, nerve problems, blindness, convulsions, paralysis, trouble breathing, and death.

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Vitamin D Deficiency: How Much Vitamin D Is Enough? See Slideshow

Special Precautions & Warnings

It is LIKELY UNSAFE for anyone to use American hellebore, but some people have extra reasons not to use it:

Pregnancy and breast-feeding: It's LIKELY UNSAFE to take American hellebore by mouth or apply it to the skin when pregnant or breast-feeding.

Heart disease: There is some concern that American hellebore could make heart disease worse by slowing the heart rate.

Irritation of the digestive tract: American hellebore can irritate the digestive tract and should not be used by people with a medical condition affecting the stomach or intestines.

Dosing

The appropriate dose of American hellebore depends on several factors such as the user's age, health, and several other conditions. At this time there is not enough scientific information to determine an appropriate range of doses for American hellebore. Keep in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and dosages can be important. Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult your pharmacist or physician or other healthcare professional before using.

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References

Assali, N. S., Brust, A. A., Garber, S. T., and Ferris, E. B. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF TETRAETHYL-AMMONIUM CHLORIDE AND VERATRUM VIRIDE ON BLOOD PRESSURE IN NORMAL AND TOXEMIC PREGNANCY. J Clin Invest 1950;29(3):290-296. View abstract.

BARROW, J. G. and SIKES, C. R. The use of purified veratrum viride alkaloids in the treatment of essential hypertension. Am Heart J 1951;41(5):742-748. View abstract.

BRONSKY, D., BERNSTEIN, M., and CHESROW, E. J. Cardiac arrhythmia from Veratrum viride. Geriatrics 1957;12(6):389-393. View abstract.

BRUNNER, D., ALTMAN, S., and SCHINDEL, L. Hypertension treatment with alkaloids of Veratrum viride and Veratrum album alone or in combination with hexamethonium salts. Acta Med Scand 1955;151(6):487-498. View abstract.

CHEN, K. K., HENDERSON, F. G., and ANDERSON, R. C. The cardiac action of Helleborus glycosides and their aglycones. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1950;99(4:1):325-400. View abstract.

Crummett, D., Bronstein, D., and Weaver, Z., III. Accidental Veratrum viride poisoning in three "ramp" foragers. N.C.Med.J. 1985;46(9):469-471. View abstract.

FAUST, F. B. Veratrum viride in the treatment of essential hypertension; a report of 40 cases. J Lancet 1951;71(2):65-68. View abstract.

FINNERTY, F. A., Jr. and FREIS, E. D. Clinical evaluation of Vergitryl, a new highly purified extract of Veratrum viride. Med Ann Dist.Columbia. 1952;21(2):75-76. View abstract.

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FREIS, E. D., Stanton, J. R., Culbertson, J. W., Litter, J., Halperin, M. H., Burnett, C. H., and Wilkins, R. W. THE HEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF HYPOTENSIVE DRUGS IN MAN. I. VERATRUM VIRIDE. J Clin Invest 1949;28(2):353-368. View abstract.

Gaillard, Y. and Pepin, G. LC-EI-MS determination of veratridine and cevadine in two fatal cases of Veratrum album poisoning. J Anal.Toxicol. 2001;25(6):481-485. View abstract.

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Gilani, AH, Aftab, K, Saeed, SA, and et al. O-Acetyljervine: new \b/-adrenoceptor agonist from Veratrum. Archives of Pharmacal Research (Korea) 1995;18:129-132.

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MARCHETTI, G. [Effect of two new alkaloids of Veratrum viride on the circulatory apparatus.]. Arch Ital Sci Farmacol. 1954;4(1):15-27. View abstract.

McCALL, M. L. Cerebral circulation and metabolism in toxemia of pregnancy; observations on the effects of veratrum viride and apresoline (1-hydrazinophthalazine). Am J Obstet.Gynecol. 1953;66(5):1015-1030. View abstract.

McNAIR, J. D. and GRIFFITH, G. C. Longterm study of the hypotensive effects of veratrum viride in hypertensive patients. Am J Med 1950;8(4):540. View abstract.

MEILMAN, E. and KRAYER, O. Clinical studies on veratrum alkaloids; the action of protoveratrine and veratridine in hypertension. Circulation 1950;1(2):204-213. View abstract.

MILLS, L. C. and MOYER, J. H. Treatment of hypertension with orally and parenterally administered purified extracts of veratrum viride; comparison with ganglionic (Hexamethonium) and adrenergic blocking agents. AMA.Arch Intern Med 1952;90(5):587-601. View abstract.

NEWMAN, A. J. Intoxication with Veratrum viride. J Pediatr 1952;40(2):233-234. View abstract.

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Prince, L. A. and Stork, C. M. Prolonged cardiotoxicity from poison lilly (Veratrum viride). Vet.Hum.Toxicol. 2000;42(5):282-285. View abstract.

RHOADS, E. E. and SCHMIDT, R. T. Veratrum viride in the treatment of eclampsia. Am J Obstet.Gynecol. 1951;61(4):914-918. View abstract.

ROESCH, E. [Effect of cevadine, veratridine and Veratrum viride extract on blood pressure and respiration in dog.]. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Exp Pathol.Pharmakol. 1954;222(1-2):209-212. View abstract.

ROYCE, S. W. Hypertension in childhood; treatment of acute nephritis with a derivative of veratrum viride. Calif.Med 1956;84(5):347-350. View abstract.

SHAPIRO, A. P. and Ferris, E. B. The effects of intravenously administered Veratrum viride in hypertensive and normotensive subjects. Ann Intern Med 1952;36(3):792-806. View abstract.

SHAPIRO, A. P., Brust, A. A., and Ferris, E. B. A comparative study of the effects of Veratrum viride and tetraethylammonium chloride in hypertension. Ann Intern Med 1952;36(3):807-810. View abstract.

STEARNS, N. S. and ELLIS, L. B. Acute effects of intravenous administration of a preparation of Veratrum viride in patients with severe forms of hypertensive disease. N.Engl.J Med 3-13-1952;246(11):397-400. View abstract.

ZUMOFF, B. Temporary atrioventricular conduction disturbance associated with ingestion of Veratrum viride. Am Heart J 1954;47(4):630-633. View abstract.

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Medicinal Plants. Springer Verlag: Lavoisier, NY, 1995.

Zagler B, Zelger A, Salvatore C, et al. Dietary poisoning with Veratrum album--a report of two cases. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2005;117:106-8. View abstract.