Sulforaphane

Last Editorial Review: 6/11/2021
Other Name(s):

Glucosinolate de Sulforaphane, SFN, Sulforafane, Sulforaphane Glucosinolate, Sulforofano, Sulphoraphane, 1-isothiocayanate-4-methyl-sulfonyl butane.

Overview

Sulforaphane is a chemical found in certain kinds of vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage, and cauliflower.

Sulforaphane is used for the prevention of prostate cancer and other types of cancer.

How does work?

Sulforaphane may increase the death of cancer cells.

Uses

Insufficient Evidence to Rate Effectiveness for...

  • Preventing cancer.
  • Other conditions.
More evidence is needed to rate the effectiveness of sulforaphane for these uses.

QUESTION

Next to red peppers, you can get the most vitamin C from ________________. See Answer

Side Effects

Sulforaphane is safe when used in the amounts found in foods. But there isn't enough information available to know if it is safe to take by mouth as a medicine.

Precautions

Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Sulforaphane is safe in amounts found in food, but there's not enough information to know if it's safe in the larger amounts that are used as medicine.

Interactions


Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 1A2 [CYP1A2] substrates)Interaction Rating: Moderate Be cautious with this combination.Talk with your health provider.

Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Sulforaphane might decrease how quickly the liver breaks down some medications. Taking sulforaphane along with some medications that are changed by the liver might increase the effects and side effects of some medications. Before taking sulforaphane talk to your healthcare provider if you take any medications that are changed by the liver.

Some medications that are changed by the liver include clozapine (Clozaril), cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril), fluvoxamine (Luvox), haloperidol (Haldol), imipramine (Tofranil), mexiletine (Mexitil), olanzapine (Zyprexa), pentazocine (Talwin), propranolol (Inderal), tacrine (Cognex), theophylline, zileuton (Zyflo), zolmitriptan (Zomig), and others.

Dosing

The appropriate dose of sulforaphane depends on several factors such as the user's age, health, and several other conditions. At this time there is not enough scientific information to determine an appropriate range of doses for sulforaphane. Keep in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and dosages can be important. Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult your pharmacist or physician or other healthcare professional before using.

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database rates effectiveness based on scientific evidence according to the following scale: Effective, Likely Effective, Possibly Effective, Possibly Ineffective, Likely Ineffective, and Insufficient Evidence to Rate (detailed description of each of the ratings).

FDA Logo

Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration

You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088.

References

Barcelo S, Mace K, Pfeifer AM, Chipman JK. Production of DNA strand breaks by N-nitrosodimethylamine and 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline in THLE cells expressing human CYP isoenzymes and inhibition by sulforaphane. Mutat Res 1998;402:111-20. View abstract.

Brooks JD, Paton V. Potent induction of carcinogen defense enzymes with sulforaphane, a putative prostate cancer chemopreventive agent. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 1999;2:S8.. View abstract.

Chiao JW, Chung FL, Kancherla R, et al. Sulforaphane and its metabolite mediate growth arrest and apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2002;20:631-6.. View abstract.

Conaway CC, Getahun SM, Liebes LL, et al. Disposition of glucosinolates and sulforaphane in humans after ingestion of steamed and fresh broccoli. Nutr Cancer 2000;38:168-78.. View abstract.

Heiss E, Herhaus C, Klimo K, et al. Nuclear factor kappa B is a molecular target for sulforaphane-mediated anti-inflammatory mechanisms. J Biol Chem 2001;276:32008-15. View abstract.

Hintze KJ, Keck AS, Finley JW, Jeffery EH. Induction of hepatic thioredoxin reductase activity by sulforaphane, both in Hepa1c1c7 cells and in male Fisher 344 rats. J Nutr Biochem 2003;14:173-9. View abstract.

Nestle M. Broccoli sprouts in cancer prevention. Nutr Rev 1998;56:127-30.. View abstract.

Park EJ, Pezzuto JM. Botanicals in cancer chemoprevention. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2002;21:231-55. View abstract.

Vermeulen M, van Rooijen HJ, Vaes WH. Analysis of isothiocyanate mercapturic acids in urine: a biomarker for cruciferous vegetable intake. J Agric Food Chem 2003;51:3554-9.. View abstract.

Wu L, Noyan Ashraf MH, Facci M, et al. Dietary approach to attenuate oxidative stress, hypertension, and inflammation in the cardiovascular system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004;101:7094-9. View abstract.

Zhang J, Svehlikova V, Bao Y, et al. Synergy between sulforaphane and selenium in the induction of thioredoxin reductase 1 requires both transcriptional and translational modulation. Carcinogenesis 2003;24:497-503.. View abstract.

Zhang Y, Callaway EC. High cellular accumulation of sulphoraphane, a dietary anticarcinogen, is followed by rapid transporter-mediated export as a glutathione conjugate. Biochem J 2002;364:301-7.. View abstract.