Ail Civette, Ail Tubéreux, Allium schoenoprasum, Allium sibiricum, Brelette, Cebolla China, Cebolla de Verdeo, Cebolleta, Cebollín, Cebollino, Chinese Chive, Chives, Ciboulette, Cives, Civette, Fausse Échalote, Oignon Sauvage.
Chive is an herb. The parts that grow above the ground are used to make medicine.
People take chive to expel parasitic worms.
In foods, chive is used commonly as a flavoring.
How does work?
There isn't enough information available to know how chive might work.
Insufficient Evidence to Rate Effectiveness for...
- Removing parasitic worms.
- Other conditions.
Chive is LIKELY SAFE for most people in food amounts. It is POSSIBLY SAFE when taken by mouth in medicinal amounts, which are typically larger. Taking too much chive can cause an upset stomach.
Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Chive seems to be safe in amounts found in food, but there's not enough information to know if it is safe in the larger amounts that are used as medicine. Stay on the safe side and avoid using chive as medicine if you are pregnant or breast-feeding.The appropriate dose of chive for use as treatment depends on several factors such as the user's age, health, and several other conditions. At this time there is not enough scientific information to determine an appropriate range of doses for chive. Keep in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and dosages can be important. Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult your pharmacist or physician or other healthcare professional before using.
QUESTION
Next to red peppers, you can get the most vitamin C from ________________. See AnswerNatural Medicines Comprehensive Database rates effectiveness based on scientific evidence according to the following scale: Effective, Likely Effective, Possibly Effective, Possibly Ineffective, Likely Ineffective, and Insufficient Evidence to Rate (detailed description of each of the ratings).
Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration
You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088.
Anikster, Y., Szabo, L. J., Eilam, T., Manisterski, J., Koike, S. T., and Bushnell, W. R. Morphology, life cycle biology, and DNA sequence analysis of rust fungi on garlic and chives from california. Phytopathology 2004;94(6):569-577. View abstract.
Barazani, O., Dudai, N., Khadka, U. R., and Golan-Goldhirsh, A. Cadmium accumulation in Allium schoenoprasum L. grown in an aqueous medium. Chemosphere 2004;57(9):1213-1218. View abstract.
Barbara, K. A. and Capinera, J. L. Development of a toxic bait for control of eastern lubber grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae). J Econ.Entomol. 2003;96(3):584-591. View abstract.
Bianchini, F. and Vainio, H. Allium vegetables and organosulfur compounds: do they help prevent cancer? Environ Health Perspect. 2001;109(9):893-902. View abstract.
Bloem E, Haneklaus S. Influence of Nitrogen and Sulfur Fertilization on the Alliin Content of Onions and Garlic. Journal of Plant Nutrition 2004;27(10):1827-1839.
Bougourd, S. M. and Plowman, A. B. The inheritance of B chromosomes in Allium schoenoprasum L. Chromosome.Res 1996;4(2):151-158. View abstract.
Cen, Y., Pang, X., Zhou, Q., Peng, Y., and Xu, C. [Bioassay on oviposition repellency of non-preferable plant extracts against citrus red mite Panonychus citri]. Ying.Yong.Sheng Tai Xue.Bao. 2004;15(9):1687-1690. View abstract.
Chaigneau, M. and Muraz, B. [Decontamination of some spices by ethylene oxide. Development of 2-chloroethanol and ethylene glycol during the preservation]. Ann.Pharm Fr. 1993;51(1):47-53. View abstract.
Choi, E. Y. and Cho, Y. O. Allium vegetable diet can reduce the exercise-induced oxidative stress but does not alter plasma cholesterol profile in rats. Ann Nutr.Metab 2006;50(2):132-138. View abstract.
Chung, S. Y., Kim, J. S., Kim, M., Hong, M. K., Lee, J. O., Kim, C. M., and Song, I. S. Survey of nitrate and nitrite contents of vegetables grown in Korea. Food Addit.Contam 2003;20(7):621-628. View abstract.
Comerio, R. M., Andorno, A. V., and Botto, E. N. [Conidiobolus coronatus isolation from a pest aphids of chives (Allium schoenoprasum L.)]. Rev.Iberoam.Micol. 9-30-2008;25(3):193-195. View abstract.
Drumm, A. and Nagl, W. Loss of DNA and euchromatin in senescing leaf cells of Allium. Mech.Ageing Dev. 1982;18(2):103-110. View abstract.
Edenharder R, Sager JW Glatt H Muckel E Platt KL. Protection by beverages, fruits, vegetables, herbs, and flavonoids against genotoxicity of 2-acetylaminofluorene and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) in metabolically competent V79 cells. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology & Environmental Mutagenesis 2002;521(1/2):57.
Engelke, T. and Tatlioglu, T. A PCR-marker for the CMS(1) inducing cytoplasm in chives derived from recombination events affecting the mitochondrial gene atp9. Theor.Appl.Genet. 2002;104(4):698-702. View abstract.
Engelke, T. and Tatlioglu, T. The fertility restorer genes X and T alter the transcripts of a novel mitochondrial gene implicated in CMS1 in chives (Allium schoenoprasum L.). Mol.Genet.Genomics 2004;271(2):150-160. View abstract.
Engelke, T., Terefe, D., and Tatlioglu, T. A PCR-based marker system monitoring CMS-(S), CMS-(T) and (N)-cytoplasm in the onion ( Allium cepa L.). Theor.Appl.Genet. 2003;107(1):162-167. View abstract.
Fenwick, G. R. and Hanley, A. B. The genus Allium--Part 3. Crit Rev.Food Sci Nutr. 1985;23(1):1-73. View abstract.
Fossen, T., Slimestad, R., Ovstedal, D. O., and Andersen, O. M. Covalent anthocyanin-flavonol complexes from flowers of chive, Allium schoenoprasum. Phytochemistry 2000;54(3):317-323. View abstract.
Fritsch, R. M. and Keusgen, M. Occurrence and taxonomic significance of cysteine sulphoxides in the genus Allium L. (Alliaceae). Phytochemistry 2006;67(11):1127-1135. View abstract.
Garrido, M. A., Jamilena, M., Lozano, R., Ruiz, Rejon C., Ruiz, Rejon M., and Parker, J. S. rDNA site number polymorphism and NOR inactivation in natural populations of Allium schoenoprasum. Genetica 1994;94(1):67-71. View abstract.
Golubev, F. V., Golubkina, N. A., and Gorbunov, IuN. [Mineral content in the wild onion species and their nutritive value]. Prikl.Biokhim.Mikrobiol. 2003;39(5):602-606. View abstract.
Herrmann, K. [Review on nonessential constituents of vegetables. II. Cruciferae (Brassica vegetables, radish, turnip, rutabaga, horse-radish) and gramineae (onion, leek, chive, garlic, asparagus) (author's transl)]. Z Lebensm.Unters.Forsch 12-9-1977;165(3):151-164. View abstract.
Hossel, D., Schmeiser, C., and Hertel, R. Specificity patterns indicate that auxin exporters and receptors are the same proteins. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2005;7(1):41-48. View abstract.
Hsu, W. Y., Simonne, A., and Jitareerat, P. Fates of seeded Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella on selected fresh culinary herbs during refrigerated storage. J Food Prot. 2006;69(8):1997-2001. View abstract.
Hu, G., Lu, Y., and Wei, D. Fatty acid composition of the seed oil of Allium tuberosum. Bioresour.Technol. 2005;96(14):1630-1632. View abstract.
Ikeda, T., Tsumagari, H., and Nohara, T. Steroidal oligoglycosides from the seeds of Allium tuberosum. Chem Pharm Bull.(Tokyo) 2000;48(3):362-365. View abstract.
Ikeda, T., Tsumagari, H., Okawa, M., and Nohara, T. Pregnane- and furostane-type oligoglycosides from the seeds of Allium tuberosum. Chem Pharm Bull.(Tokyo) 2004;52(1):142-145. View abstract.
Jiang, J., Cao, H., Zhang, R., Zhang, M., and Li, S. [Effect of organophosphorous insecticides on Chinese chive insect pests and their degradation by pesticide-degrading bacterium]. Ying.Yong.Sheng Tai Xue.Bao. 2004;15(8):1459-1462. View abstract.
Jordão CP, Cecon PR Pereira JL. Evaluation of metal concentrations in edible vegetables grown in compost amended soil. International Journal of Environmental Studies 2003;60(6):547-562.
Kapolna, E. and Fodor, P. Bioavailability of selenium from selenium-enriched green onions (Allium fistulosum) and chives (Allium schoenoprasum) after 'in vitro' gastrointestinal digestion. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2007;58(4):282-296. View abstract.
Kelly, G. J. and Latzko, E. Chloroplast Phosphofructokinase: I. Proof of Phosphofructokinase Activity in Chloroplasts. Plant Physiol 1977;60(2):290-294. View abstract.
Kim, M. J., Choi, S. J., Kim, H. K., Kim, C. J., Hong, B., Kim, Y. J., and Shin, D. H. Activation effects of Allium tuberosum Rottl. on choline acetyltransferase. Biosci.Biotechnol Biochem. 2007;71(1):226-230. View abstract.
Kim, S. Y., Park, K. W., Kim, J. Y., Jeong, I. Y., Byun, M. W., Park, J. E., Yee, S. T., Kim, K. H., Rhim, J. S., Yamada, K., and Seo, K. I. Thiosulfinates from Allium tuberosum L. induce apoptosis via caspase-dependent and -independent pathways in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells. Bioorg.Med Chem Lett. 1-1-2008;18(1):199-204. View abstract.
Kim, S. Y., Park, K. W., Kim, J. Y., Shon, M. Y., Yee, S. T., Kim, K. H., Rhim, J. S., Yamada, K., and Seo, K. I. Induction of apoptosis by thiosulfinates in primary human prostate cancer cells. Int J Oncol. 2008;32(4):869-875. View abstract.
Kubec, R. and Dadakova, E. Quantitative determination of S-alk(en)ylcysteine-S-oxides by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. J Chromatogr.A 11-28-2008;1212(1-2):154-157. View abstract.
Kuriyama, I., Musumi, K., Yonezawa, Y., Takemura, M., Maeda, N., Iijima, H., Hada, T., Yoshida, H., and Mizushina, Y. Inhibitory effects of glycolipids fraction from spinach on mammalian DNA polymerase activity and human cancer cell proliferation. J Nutr.Biochem. 2005;16(10):594-601. View abstract.
Lam, Y. W. and Ng, T. B. A monomeric mannose-binding lectin from inner shoots of the edible chive (Allium tuberosum). J Protein Chem 2001;20(5):361-366. View abstract.
Lam, Y. W., Wang, H. X., and Ng, T. B. A robust cysteine-deficient chitinase-like antifungal protein from inner shoots of the edible chive Allium tuberosum. Biochem.Biophys.Res Commun 12-9-2000;279(1):74-80. View abstract.
Larsen, E. and Christensen, L. P. Simple saponification method for the quantitative determination of carotenoids in green vegetables. J Agric Food Chem 8-24-2005;53(17):6598-6602. View abstract.
Lee, J. H., Yang, H. S., Park, K. W., Kim, J. Y., Lee, M. K., Jeong, I. Y., Shim, K. H., Kim, Y. S., Yamada, K., and Seo, K. I. Mechanisms of thiosulfinates from Allium tuberosum L.-induced apoptosis in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Toxicol.Lett. 7-24-2009;188(2):142-147. View abstract.
Manabe, T., Hasumi, A., Sugiyama, M., Yamazaki, M., and Saito, K. Alliinase [S-alk(en)yl-L-cysteine sulfoxide lyase] from Allium tuberosum (Chinese chive)--purification, localization, cDNA cloning and heterologous functional expression. Eur.J Biochem. 10-1-1998;257(1):21-30. View abstract.
Mau, J., Chen, C., and Hsieh, P. Antimicrobial effect of extracts from Chinese chive, cinnamon, and corni fructus. J Agric Food Chem 2001;49(1):183-188. View abstract.
Moneret-Vautrin, D. A., Morisset, M., Lemerdy, P., Croizier, A., and Kanny, G. Food allergy and IgE sensitization caused by spices: CICBAA data (based on 589 cases of food allergy). Allerg.Immunol.(Paris) 2002;34(4):135-140. View abstract.
Morita, K., Matsueda, T., and Iida, T. [Effect of green vegetable on digestive tract absorption of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in rats]. Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi 1999;90(5):171-183. View abstract.
Nguyen, N. H., Driscoll, H. E., and Specht, C. D. A molecular phylogeny of the wild onions (Allium; Alliaceae) with a focus on the western North American center of diversity. Mol.Phylogenet.Evol. 2008;47(3):1157-1172. View abstract.
Nishimura, H., Takahashi, T., Wijaya, C. H., Satoh, A., and Ariga, T. Thermochemical transformation of sulfur compounds in Japanese domestic Allium, Allium victorialis L. Biofactors 2000;13(1-4):257-263. View abstract.
Ooi, L. S., Yu, H., Chen, C. M., Sun, S. S., and Ooi, V. E. Isolation and characterization of a bioactive mannose-binding protein from the Chinese chive Allium tuberosum. J Agric Food Chem 2-13-2002;50(4):696-700. View abstract.
Park, K. W., Kim, S. Y., Jeong, I. Y., Byun, M. W., Park, K. H., Yamada, K., and Seo, K. I. Cytotoxic and antitumor activities of thiosulfinates from Allium tuberosum L. J Agric Food Chem 9-19-2007;55(19):7957-7961. View abstract.
Pino, J. A., Fuentes, V., and Correa, M. T. Volatile constituents of Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum Rottl. ex Sprengel) and rakkyo (Allium chinense G. Don). J Agric Food Chem 2001;49(3):1328-1330. View abstract.
Rattanachaikunsopon, P. and Phumkhachorn, P. Diallyl sulfide content and antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogenic bacteria of chives (Allium schoenoprasum). Biosci.Biotechnol Biochem. 2008;72(11):2987-2991. View abstract.
Roller, E., Meller, S., Homey, B., Ruzicka, T., and Neumann, N. J. [Contact dermatitis caused by spinach, hedge mustard and chives]. Hautarzt 2003;54(4):374-375. View abstract.
Sang, S. M., Xia, Z. H., Mao, S. L., Lao, A. N., and Chen, Z. L. [Studies on chemical constitutents in seeds of Allium tuberosum Rottl]. Zhongguo Zhong.Yao Za Zhi. 2000;25(5):286-288. View abstract.
Sang, S. M., Zou, M. L., Zhang, X. W., Lao, A. N., and Chen, Z. L. Tuberoside M, a new cytotoxic spirostanol saponin from the seeds of Allium tuberosum. J Asian Nat.Prod.Res 2002;4(1):69-72. View abstract.
Sang, S., Lao, A., Wang, H., and Chen, Z. Two new spirostanol saponins from Allium tuberosum. J Nat.Prod. 1999;62(7):1028-1029. View abstract.
Sang, S., Mao, S., Lao, A., Chen, Z., and Ho, C. T. Four new steroidal saponins from the seeds of Allium tuberosum. J Agric Food Chem 2001;49(3):1475-1478. View abstract.
Sang, S., Zou, M., Xia, Z., Lao, A., Chen, Z., and Ho, C. T. New spirostanol saponins from Chinese chives (Allium tuberosum). J Agric Food Chem 2001;49(10):4780-4783. View abstract.
Schmidtlein, H. and Herrmann, K. [On the phenolic acids of vegetables. IV. Hydroxycinnamic acids and hydroxybenzoic acids of vegetables and potatoes (author's transl)]. Z Lebensm.Unters.Forsch 12-16-1975;159(5):255-263. View abstract.
Seo, K. I., Moon, Y. H., Choi, S. U., and Park, K. H. Antibacterial activity of S-methyl methanethiosulfinate and S-methyl 2-propene-1-thiosulfinate from Chinese chive toward Escherichia coli O157:H7. Biosci.Biotechnol Biochem. 2001;65(4):966-968. View abstract.
Shao, J., Dai, J., and Ma, J. K. A pilot study on anticancer activities of Chinese leek. J Altern.Complement Med 2001;7(5):517-522. View abstract.
Shibata, F. and Hizume, M. Evolution of 5S rDNA units and their chromosomal localization in Allium cepa and Allium schoenoprasum revealed by microdissection and FISH. Theor.Appl.Genet. 2002;105(2-3):167-172. View abstract.
Sipter E, Auerbach R Gruiz K Mathe-Gaspar G. Change of Bioaccumulation of Toxic Metals in Vegetables. Communications in Soil Science & Plant Analysis 2009;40(1-6):285-293.
Starke, H. and Herrmann, K. [Flavonols and flavones of vegetables. VII. Flavonols of leek, chive and garlic (author's transl)]. Z Lebensm.Unters.Forsch 1976;161(1):25-30. View abstract.
Umehara. Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 2007;127:102-104.
Urano, Y., Manabe, T., Noji, M., and Saito, K. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of cDNAs encoding cysteine synthase and serine acetyltransferase that may be responsible for high cellular cysteine content in Allium tuberosum. Gene 10-31-2000;257(2):269-277. View abstract.
Wang, C. Y., Shi, J., Gui, S. Y., and Wang, S. J. [Study on the effect of extract of Chinese chive seed in warming kidney and enhancing yang]. Zhongguo Zhong.Yao Za Zhi. 2005;30(13):1017-1018. View abstract.
Wang, J., Xu, Q., Jiao, K., and Cheng, G. [Supercritical fluid extraction and gas chromatographic analysis of four organochlorine pesticides in vegetable]. Se.Pu. 1998;16(6):506-507. View abstract.
Yamato, O., Kasai, E., Katsura, T., Takahashi, S., Shiota, T., Tajima, M., Yamasaki, M., and Maede, Y. Heinz body hemolytic anemia with eccentrocytosis from ingestion of Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum) and garlic (Allium sativum) in a dog. J Am.Anim Hosp.Assoc. 2005;41(1):68-73. View abstract.
Yin, M. C. and Tsao, S. M. Inhibitory effect of seven Allium plants upon three Aspergillus species. Int J Food Microbiol 8-1-1999;49(1-2):49-56. View abstract.
Zhang, W. and Lim, L. Y. Effects of spice constituents on P-glycoprotein-mediated transport and CYP3A4-mediated metabolism in vitro. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008;36(7):1283-1290. View abstract.
Zhen, L., Zoebisch, M. A., Chen, G., and Feng, Z. Sustainability of farmers' soil fertility management practices: a case study in the North China Plain. J Environ Manage. 2006;79(4):409-419. View abstract.
Zou, Z. M., Li, L. J., Yu, D. Q., and Cong, P. Z. Sphingosine derivatives from the seeds of Allium tuberosum. J Asian Nat.Prod.Res 1999;2(1):55-61. View abstract.
Zou, Z. M., Yu, D. Q., and Cong, P. Z. A steroidal saponin from the seeds of Allium tuberosum. Phytochemistry 2001;57(8):1219-1222. View abstract.
Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
Hsing AW, Chokkalingam AP, Gao YT, et al. Allium vegetables and risk of prostate cancer: a population-based study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002;94:1648-51.. View abstract.
Murch SJ, Simmons CB, Saxena PK. Melatonin in feverfew and other medicinal plants. Lancet 1997;350:1598-9. View abstract.
PremesisRx. Pharmacist's Letter / Prescriber's Letter 1999:15(12);151206.