Surgical removal of any part of the body such as a limb or part of a limb is called an amputation. Amputation is generally done when the limb or its part cannot be saved (salvaged) and leaving them as they are can cause further harm or worsen the condition.
Toes play an important role in the body while performing certain functions, such as:
- Balancing the body
- Bearing weight while standing and walking
- Help you run faster
In case of serious illness and loss of functionality, amputation of the toe is done as a last resort. Although it sounds unusual, toe amputation is the most commonly performed procedure worldwide.
Causes for a toe amputation include:
- Irreparable loss of functionality of the toe following an injury
- Deformity at birth that has limited to no function
- Blood flow to the toe is compromised leading to the development of gangrene, which can be fatal if not treated and is seen in conditions such as:
- Vascular diseases
- Hypertension
- Diabetes
- Smoking
- Hyperlipidemia
- Severe frostbite
- Severe infections of the toe that do not respond to antibiotics. If left untreated, it may lead to sepsis, which can be life-threatening.
- In case of malignancy that affects the toe, it may be amputated to reduce the risk of metastasis (spread of cancer to other parts of the body).
How is a toe amputation performed?
Amputation of a toe is relatively a short procedure that may take about 30 to 60 minutes and is performed by a skilled surgeon in a hospital setup. You may need to stay in the hospital for two to seven days or even more in case of complications.
- The procedure may be performed under general or regional or local anesthesia depending on the health condition of the person.
- The person may be given antibiotics before the procedure as prophylaxis and will be continued after the procedure to prevent possible infections.
- Once anesthesia is administered, a small incision is done on the skin of the toe to remove the damaged bone.
- Most commonly, the bone is removed at the metatarsophalangeal joint.
- Moreover, the adjacent dead tissue is removed.
- During this process, a part of the skin is preserved such that it can be used to cover the open area, and an incision is done to close it.
- The muscle and skin are pulled over the remaining bone and sutured such that the whole opening is covered, and the remaining part of the toe is known as a stump.
- A small bandage is used to cover the surgery site, and dressings may be changed continuously for a period if necessary.
- The doctor may recommend you remove the bandages at home and keep the area clean and dry to promote quick recovery.
- If indissoluble sutures are used, the doctor may remove the stitches 10 days after the surgery.
- Following a toe amputation, you may be able to walk again in two to four weeks, and it may take up to two months for a complete recovery.
What are the possible complications following a toe amputation?
As with all surgical operations, a toe amputation does have a risk of complications. However, developing serious complications is quite uncommon.
Possible complications of a toe amputation may include:
- Infection
- Sluggish or difficult healing
- Itching
- Numbness
- Swelling and bulging at the site
- Extreme pain that does not go away with pain medications
- Opening at the wound
- Foul smell from the wound
- Excess bleeding or drainage from the wound
- Life-threatening blood clot in the leg
- Infection or poor blood flow that may damage the tissue in adjacent toes, leading to a need for amputation of those toes
- Other toes may move closer together to fill the hole, or they may override each other as they are moved around inside a shoe
- The remaining stump post-amputation may become very painful, which should be managed with pain medication
- The person may experience phantom limb pain, which refers to the sensation of constant pain in the amputated toe. This is mostly seen in adults than children. People who experienced pre-amputation discomfort or illness are more prone to feel phantom limb pain.
Seek immediate medical attention in case of the following:
- Nausea and vomiting
- Fever with chills
- Cough
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain
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References
Image Source: iStock Images
Amputation of the Foot or Toe: https://www.winchesterhospital.org/health-library/article?id=14763
Toe Amputation: https://www.medanta.org/vascular-surgery/treatment/toe-amputation/
Leg or foot amputation: https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/surgery/leg-or-foot-amputation
Amputation of the Foot or Toe: https://www.winchesterhospital.org/health-library/article?id=14763
Toe Amputation: https://www.medanta.org/vascular-surgery/treatment/toe-amputation/
Leg or foot amputation: https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/surgery/leg-or-foot-amputation
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